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The main types of collagen and distribution

Oct 30,2024

Collagen is widely distributed in the bones, tendons, muscle sheaths, ligaments, fascia, cartilage and skin of animals. It is the most abundant and widely distributed functional protein in mammals, accounting for 25% to 30% of the total protein, equivalent to 6% of body weight, and is the main component of the important extracellular matrix of the human body.  

At present, more than 20 types of collagen have been discovered, which play the role of supporting organs and protecting the body, and have a significant impact on the normal function of cells, tissues and organs and on the repair of trauma.  

Interstitial collagen type I to III: mainly exists between the cells of connective tissues such as tendons, skin, and bones of organisms, and all types have strong tensile strength.  

Basement membrane collagen type IV to VII: mainly exists in the organs of organisms, and the collagen glands are the basement membrane collagen.  

Cartilage collagen type IX to XI: the content is trace, but it is closely related to cartilage formation.  

Type XVIII collagen was discovered relatively late, has a high homology, and has different subtypes. It is mainly found in tissues such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys. It belongs to a special collagen subfamily called multi/plexin and contains C-terminal non-triplehelical regions (NC1) that other collagens do not have. This special structure gives it better flexibility than other collagens that are only composed of triple helical structures. 

The main types of collagen and distribution

Type

Main distribution organizations

Type

Main distribution organizations

Skin, tendons, bones, teeth, etc.

Cartilage

Cartilage, vitreous, intervertebral disc

Cartilage

Skin, muscle, blood vessels

Ligaments, tendons and skin

Basement membrane

XIII

Endothelial cells

Fetal interstitial tissue and cultured cells

XIV

Dermis, tendons

Most interstitial tissue

XV

Smooth muscle cells

Epithelium

XVI

Fibroblasts

Some endothelial cells

XVII

Skin and dermal junctions

Cartilage

XVIII

Liver and stomach cells

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